Spring boot框架源码
1.SpringBoot源码环境构建
1.1 下载源码
- https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/releases
- 下载对应版本的源码(课程中采用spring-boot-2.2.9.RELEASE)
1.2 环境准备
-
JDK1.8+
-
Maven3.5+
1.3 编译源码
- 进⼊spring-boot源码根⽬录
- 执⾏mvn命令: mvn clean install -DskipTests -Pfast // 跳过测试⽤例,会下载⼤量 jar 包(时间会长一些)
1.4 导入IDEA
将编译后的项目导入IDEA中
打开pom.xml关闭maven代码检查
<properties>
<revision>2.2.9.RELEASE</revision>
<main.basedir>${basedir}</main.basedir>
<disable.checks>true</disable.checks>
</properties>
1.5 新建一个module
1.6 新建一个Controller
@RestController
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String test(){
System.out.println("源码环境搭建完成");
return "源码环境搭建完成";
}
}
启动测试
2. 源码剖析-依赖管理
在Spring Boot入门程序中,项目pom.xml文件有两个核心依赖,分别是spring-boot-starter-parent和spring-boot-starter-web,关于这两个依赖的相关介绍具体如下
2.1 spring-boot-starter-parent
在chapter01项目中的pom.xml文件中找到spring-boot-starter-parent依赖,示例代码如下:
<!-- Spring Boot父项目依赖管理 -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
上述代码中,将spring-boot-starter-parent依赖作为Spring Boot项目的统一父项目依赖管理,并将项目版本号统一为2.2.9.RELEASE,该版本号根据实际开发需求是可以修改的
使用“Ctrl+鼠标左键”进入并查看spring-boot-starter-parent底层源文件,先看spring-boot-starter-parent做了哪些事
首先看spring-boot-starter-parent
的properties
节点
<properties>
<main.basedir>${basedir}/../../..</main.basedir>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<resource.delimiter>@</resource.delimiter> <!-- delimiter that doesn't clash with Spring ${} placeholders -->
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
在这里spring-boot-starter-parent
定义了:
- 工程的Java版本为
1.8
。 - 工程代码的编译源文件编码格式为
UTF-8
- 工程编译后的文件编码格式为
UTF-8
- Maven打包编译的版本
再来看spring-boot-starter-parent
的「build」节点
接下来看POM的build
节点,分别定义了resources
资源和pluginManagement
<resources>
<resource>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/application*.yml</include>
<include>**/application*.yaml</include>
<include>**/application*.properties</include>
</includes>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
<excludes>
<exclude>**/application*.yml</exclude>
<exclude>**/application*.yaml</exclude>
<exclude>**/application*.properties</exclude>
</excludes>
</resource>
</resources>
我们详细看一下resources
节点,里面定义了资源过滤,针对application
的yml
、properties
格式进行了过滤,可以支持支持不同环境的配置,比如application-dev.yml
、application-test.yml
、application-dev.properties
、application-dev.properties
等等。
pluginManagement
则是引入了相应的插件和对应的版本依赖
最后来看spring-boot-starter-parent的父依赖spring-boot-dependencies
spring-boot-dependencies的properties节点
我们看定义POM,这个才是SpringBoot项目的真正管理依赖的项目,里面定义了SpringBoot相关的版本
<properties>
<main.basedir>${basedir}/../..</main.basedir>
<!-- Dependency versions -->
<activemq.version>5.15.13</activemq.version>
<antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
<appengine-sdk.version>1.9.81</appengine-sdk.version>
<artemis.version>2.10.1</artemis.version>
<aspectj.version>1.9.6</aspectj.version>
<assertj.version>3.13.2</assertj.version>
<atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version>
<awaitility.version>4.0.3</awaitility.version>
<bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version>
<byte-buddy.version>1.10.13</byte-buddy.version>
<caffeine.version>2.8.5</caffeine.version>
<cassandra-driver.version>3.7.2</cassandra-driver.version>
<classmate.version>1.5.1</classmate.version>
.......
</properties>
spring-boot-dependencies的dependencyManagement节点
在这里,dependencies定义了SpringBoot版本的依赖的组件以及相应版本。
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring Boot -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
<version>${revision}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
<version>${revision}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test-autoconfigure</artifactId>
<version>${revision}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-actuator</artifactId>
<version>${revision}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-actuator-autoconfigure</artifactId>
<version>${revision}</version>
</dependency>
....
</dependencyManagement>
spring-boot-starter-parent
通过继承spring-boot-dependencies
从而实现了SpringBoot的版本依赖管理,所以我们的SpringBoot工程继承spring-boot-starter-parent后已经具备版本锁定等配置了,这也就是在 Spring Boot 项目中部分依赖不需要写版本号的原因
查看spring-boot-starter-web依赖文件源码,核心代码具体如下
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-el</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
从上述代码可以发现,spring-boot-starter-web依赖启动器的主要作用是打包了Web开发场景所需的底层所有依赖(基于依赖传递,当前项目也存在对应的依赖jar包)
正是如此,在pom.xml中引入spring-boot-starter-web依赖启动器时,就可以实现Web场景开发,而不需要额外导入Tomcat服务器以及其他Web依赖文件等。
当然,这些引入的依赖文件的版本号还是由spring-boot-starter-parent父依赖进行的统一管理。
2.2 spring-boot-starter-web
查看spring-boot-starter-web依赖文件源码,核心代码具体如下
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-el</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
从上述代码可以发现,spring-boot-starter-web依赖启动器的主要作用是打包了Web开发场景所需的底层所有依赖(基于依赖传递,当前项目也存在对应的依赖jar包)
正是如此,在pom.xml中引入spring-boot-starter-web依赖启动器时,就可以实现Web场景开发,而不需要额外导入Tomcat服务器以及其他Web依赖文件等。
当然,这些引入的依赖文件的版本号还是由spring-boot-starter-parent父依赖进行的统一管理。
3.@SpringApplication注解
可以发现它是由众多注解组合而成的,下面具体分析下这里每个注解所起到的作用。
- @SpringBootConfiguration 注解实际上和@Configuration有相同的作用,配备了该注解的类就能够以JavaConfig的方式完成一些配置,可以不再使用XML配置。
- @ComponentScan 这个注解完成的是自动扫描的功能,相当于Spring XML配置文件中的:
<context:component-scan>
,可使用basePackages属性指定要扫描的包,及扫描的条件。如果不设置则默认扫描@ComponentScan注解所在类的同级类和同级目录下的所有类,所以我们的Spring Boot项目,一般会把入口类放在顶层目录中,这样就能够保证源码目录下的所有类都能够被扫描到。 - @EnableAutoConfiguration 这个注解是让Spring Boot的配置能够如此简化的关键性注解。
- @AutoConfigurationPackage 自动配置包,主要扫描JPA下面的注解
- @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) // Spring的底层注解@Import,给容器中导入一个组件;
4.SpringApplication启动类
SpringApplication启动类有核心的run方法. 在调用run方法之前回去创建对象.
-
流程图
-
核心源码
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) { //设置资源加载器为null this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader; //断言加载资源类不能为null Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null"); //将primarySources数组转换为List,最后放到LinkedHashSet集合中 this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources)); //【1.1 推断应用类型,后面会根据类型初始化对应的环境。常用的一般都是servlet环境 】 this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath(); //【1.2 初始化classpath下 META-INF/spring.factories中已配置的ApplicationContextInitializer 】 setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class)); //【1.3 初始化classpath下所有已配置的 ApplicationListener 】 setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class)); //【1.4 根据调用栈,推断出 main 方法的类名 】 this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass(); }
5.SpringApplication.run方法
5.1 构造应用上下文环境
private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
// Create and configure the environment
//创建并配置相应的环境
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment();
//根据用户配置,配置 environment系统环境
configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
// 启动相应的监听器,其中一个重要的监听器 ConfigFileApplicationListener 就是加载项目配置文件的监听器。
listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);
bindToSpringApplication(environment);
if (!this.isCustomEnvironment) {
environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader()).convertEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment,
deduceEnvironmentClass());
}
ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
return environment;
}
5.2 初始化应用上下文
即Spring 容器对象
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
if (contextClass == null) {
try {
switch (this.webApplicationType) {
case SERVLET:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
case REACTIVE:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
default:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
}
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Unable create a default ApplicationContext, please specify an ApplicationContextClass", ex);
}
}
return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}
5.3 刷新上下文的准备阶段
这一步会将启动类放入BeanDefinition的map中
-
prepareContext
private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunL isteners listeners, ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) { //设置容器环境 context.setEnvironment(environment); //执行容器后置处理 postProcessApplicationContext(context); applyInitializers(context); //向各个监听器发送容器已经准备好的事件 listeners.contextPrepared(context); if (this.logStartupInfo) { logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null); logStartupProfileInfo(context); } // Add boot specific singleton beans ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory(); //将main函数中的args参数封装成单例Bean,注册进容器 beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments); if (printedBanner != null) { //将 printedBanner 也封装成单例,注册进容器 beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner); } if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) { ((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory) .setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding); } if (this.lazyInitialization) { context.addBeanFactoryPostProcessor(new LazyInitializationBeanFactoryPostProcessor()); } // Load the sources Set<Object> sources = getAllSources(); Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty"); //加载我们的启动类,将启动类注入容器 load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0])); //发布容器已加载事件 listeners.contextLoaded(context); }
-
load
protected void load(ApplicationContext context, Object[] sources) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Loading source " + StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(sources)); } //创建 BeanDefinitionLoader BeanDefinitionLoader loader = createBeanDefinitionLoader(getBeanDefinitionRegistry(context), sources); if (this.beanNameGenerator != null) { loader.setBeanNameGenerator(this.beanNameGenerator); } if (this.resourceLoader != null) { loader.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader); } if (this.environment != null) { loader.setEnvironment(this.environment); } loader.load(); }
5.4 刷新应用上下文
IoC容器的初始化过程包括三个步骤,在invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors()方法中完成了IoC容器初始化过程的三个步骤。
5.4.1 Resource定位
在SpringBoot中,我们都知道他的包扫描是从主类所在的包开始扫描的,prepareContext()方法中,会先将主类解析成BeanDefinition,然后在refresh()方法的invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors()方法中解析主类的BeanDefinition获取basePackage的路径。这样就完成了定位的过程。其次SpringBoot的各种starter是通过SPI扩展机制实现的自动装配,SpringBoot的自动装配同样也是在invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors()方法中实现的。还有一种情况,在SpringBoot中有很多的@EnableXXX注解,细心点进去看的应该就知道其底层是@Import注解,在invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors()方法中也实现了对该注解指定的配置类的定位加载。
常规的在SpringBoot中有三种实现定位,第一个是主类所在包的,第二个是SPI扩展机制实现的自动装配(比如各种starter),第三种就是@Import注解指定的类。(对于非常规的不说了)
5.4.2 BeanDefinition的载入
在第一步中说了三种Resource的定位情况,定位后紧接着就是BeanDefinition的分别载入。所谓的载入就是通过上面的定位得到的basePackage,SpringBoot会将该路径拼接成:classpath:com/lagou/**/.class这样的形式,然后一个叫做xPathMatchingResourcePatternResolver的类会将该路径下所有的.class文件都加载进来,然后遍历判断是不是有@Component注解,如果有的话,就是我们要装载的BeanDefinition。大致过程就是这样的了。
TIPS:
@Configuration,@Controller,@Service等注解底层都是@Component注解,只不过包装了一层罢了。
5.4.3 注册BeanDefinition
这个过程通过调用上文提到的BeanDefinitionRegister接口的实现来完成。这个注册过程把载入过程中解析得到的BeanDefinition向IoC容器进行注册。通过上文的分析,我们可以看到,在IoC容器中将BeanDefinition注入到一个ConcurrentHashMap中,IoC容器就是通过这个HashMap来持有这些BeanDefinition数据的。比如DefaultListableBeanFactory 中的beanDefinitionMap属性。
5.4.4 源码
-
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors
protected void invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) { PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory, getBeanFactoryPostProcessors()); // Detect a LoadTimeWeaver and prepare for weaving, if found in the meantime // (e.g. through an @Bean method registered by ConfigurationClassPostProcessor) if (beanFactory.getTempClassLoader() == null && beanFactory.containsBean(LOAD_TIME_WEAVER_BEAN_NAME)) { beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new LoadTimeWeaverAwareProcessor(beanFactory)); beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(new ContextTypeMatchClassLoader(beanFactory.getBeanClassLoader())); } }
-
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors
public static void invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors( ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, List<BeanFactoryPostProcessor> beanFactoryPostProcessors) { // Invoke BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors first, if any. Set<String> processedBeans = new HashSet<>(); if (beanFactory instanceof BeanDefinitionRegistry) { BeanDefinitionRegistry registry = (BeanDefinitionRegistry) beanFactory; List<BeanFactoryPostProcessor> regularPostProcessors = new ArrayList<>(); List<BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor> registryProcessors = new ArrayList<>(); for (BeanFactoryPostProcessor postProcessor : beanFactoryPostProcessors) { if (postProcessor instanceof BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor) { BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor registryProcessor = (BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor) postProcessor; registryProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(registry); registryProcessors.add(registryProcessor); } else { regularPostProcessors.add(postProcessor); } } // Do not initialize FactoryBeans here: We need to leave all regular beans // uninitialized to let the bean factory post-processors apply to them! // Separate between BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors that implement // PriorityOrdered, Ordered, and the rest. List<BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor> currentRegistryProcessors = new ArrayList<>(); // First, invoke the BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors that implement PriorityOrdered. String[] postProcessorNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor.class, true, false); for (String ppName : postProcessorNames) { if (beanFactory.isTypeMatch(ppName, PriorityOrdered.class)) { currentRegistryProcessors.add(beanFactory.getBean(ppName, BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor.class)); processedBeans.add(ppName); } } sortPostProcessors(currentRegistryProcessors, beanFactory); registryProcessors.addAll(currentRegistryProcessors); // 调用BeanDefinitionRegistry后处理器 invokeBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors(currentRegistryProcessors, registry); currentRegistryProcessors.clear(); .......... }
-
invokeBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors–>doProcessConfigurationClass
protected final SourceClass doProcessConfigurationClass( ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass sourceClass, Predicate<String> filter) throws IOException { if (configClass.getMetadata().isAnnotated(Component.class.getName())) { // Recursively process any member (nested) classes first processMemberClasses(configClass, sourceClass, filter); } // Process any @PropertySource annotations for (AnnotationAttributes propertySource : AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable( sourceClass.getMetadata(), PropertySources.class, org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource.class)) { if (this.environment instanceof ConfigurableEnvironment) { processPropertySource(propertySource); } else { logger.info("Ignoring @PropertySource annotation on [" + sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]. Reason: Environment must implement ConfigurableEnvironment"); } } // Process any @ComponentScan annotations Set<AnnotationAttributes> componentScans = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable( sourceClass.getMetadata(), ComponentScans.class, ComponentScan.class); if (!componentScans.isEmpty() && !this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(sourceClass.getMetadata(), ConfigurationPhase.REGISTER_BEAN)) { for (AnnotationAttributes componentScan : componentScans) { // config类用@ComponentScan->立即执行扫描进行注释 Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> scannedBeanDefinitions = this.componentScanParser.parse(componentScan, sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName()); // Check the set of scanned definitions for any further config classes and parse recursively if needed for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : scannedBeanDefinitions) { BeanDefinition bdCand = holder.getBeanDefinition().getOriginatingBeanDefinition(); if (bdCand == null) { bdCand = holder.getBeanDefinition(); } if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(bdCand, this.metadataReaderFactory)) { parse(bdCand.getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName()); } } } } // 处理@Import注释 processImports(configClass, sourceClass, getImports(sourceClass), filter, true); // Process any @ImportResource annotations AnnotationAttributes importResource = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(sourceClass.getMetadata(), ImportResource.class); if (importResource != null) { String[] resources = importResource.getStringArray("locations"); Class<? extends BeanDefinitionReader> readerClass = importResource.getClass("reader"); for (String resource : resources) { String resolvedResource = this.environment.resolveRequiredPlaceholders(resource); configClass.addImportedResource(resolvedResource, readerClass); } } // Process individual @Bean methods Set<MethodMetadata> beanMethods = retrieveBeanMethodMetadata(sourceClass); for (MethodMetadata methodMetadata : beanMethods) { configClass.addBeanMethod(new BeanMethod(methodMetadata, configClass)); } // Process default methods on interfaces processInterfaces(configClass, sourceClass); // Process superclass, if any if (sourceClass.getMetadata().hasSuperClass()) { String superclass = sourceClass.getMetadata().getSuperClassName(); if (superclass != null && !superclass.startsWith("java") && !this.knownSuperclasses.containsKey(superclass)) { this.knownSuperclasses.put(superclass, configClass); // Superclass found, return its annotation metadata and recurse return sourceClass.getSuperClass(); } } // No superclass -> processing is complete return null; }
6.AutoConfigurationImportSelector
Spring的底层注解@Import,给容器中导入一个组件,自动配置核心功能实现
-
parse
public void parse(Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> configCandidates) { for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : configCandidates) { BeanDefinition bd = holder.getBeanDefinition(); try { if (bd instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) { parse(((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) bd).getMetadata(), holder.getBeanName()); } else if (bd instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition && ((AbstractBeanDefinition) bd).hasBeanClass()) { parse(((AbstractBeanDefinition) bd).getBeanClass(), holder.getBeanName()); } else { parse(bd.getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName()); } } catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) { throw ex; } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException( "Failed to parse configuration class [" + bd.getBeanClassName() + "]", ex); } } //自动配置入口 this.deferredImportSelectorHandler.process(); }
-
process()–>getImports()
public void process(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, DeferredImportSelector deferredImportSelector) { Assert.state(deferredImportSelector instanceof AutoConfigurationImportSelector, () -> String.format("Only %s implementations are supported, got %s", AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class.getSimpleName(), deferredImportSelector.getClass().getName())); // 【1】,调用getAutoConfigurationEntry方法得到自动配置类放入autoConfigurationEntry对象中 AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = ((AutoConfigurationImportSelector) deferredImportSelector) .getAutoConfigurationEntry(getAutoConfigurationMetadata(), annotationMetadata); // 【2】,又将封装了自动配置类的autoConfigurationEntry对象装进autoConfigurationEntries集合 this.autoConfigurationEntries.add(autoConfigurationEntry); // 【3】,遍历刚获取的自动配置类 for (String importClassName : autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()) { // 这里符合条件的自动配置类作为key,annotationMetadata作为值放进entries集合 this.entries.putIfAbsent(importClassName, annotationMetadata); } }
-
getAutoConfigurationEntry()
protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata, AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { // 获取是否有配置spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration属性,默认返回true if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return EMPTY_ENTRY; } AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata); // 【1】得到spring.factories文件配置的所有自动配置类 List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes); // 利用LinkedHashSet移除重复的配置类 configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations); // 得到要排除的自动配置类,比如注解属性exclude的配置类 // 比如:@SpringBootApplication(exclude = FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration.class) // 将会获取到exclude = FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration.class的注解数据 Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes); // 检查要被排除的配置类,因为有些不是自动配置类,故要抛出异常 checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions); // 【2】将要排除的配置类移除 configurations.removeAll(exclusions); // 【3】因为从spring.factories文件获取的自动配置类太多,如果有些不必要的自动配置类都加载进内存,会造成内存浪费,因此这里需要进行过滤 configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata); // 【4】获取了符合条件的自动配置类后,此时触发AutoConfigurationImportEvent事件, // 目的是告诉ConditionEvaluationReport条件评估报告器对象来记录符合条件的自动配置类 fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions); // 【5】将符合条件和要排除的自动配置类封装进AutoConfigurationEntry对象,并返回 return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions); }
-
getCandidateConfigurations()
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) { // 这个方法需要传入两个参数getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass()和getBeanClassLoader() // getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass()这个方法返回的是EnableAutoConfiguration.class // getBeanClassLoader()这个方法返回的是beanClassLoader(类加载器) List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader()); Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you " + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct."); return configurations; }
7.AutoConfigurationPackage
这个注解导入一个类 @Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class) 主要处理类似JPA映射实体类的扫描.
-
processConfigBeanDefinitions
public void processConfigBeanDefinitions(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { List<BeanDefinitionHolder> configCandidates = new ArrayList<>(); String[] candidateNames = registry.getBeanDefinitionNames(); for (String beanName : candidateNames) { BeanDefinition beanDef = registry.getBeanDefinition(beanName); if (beanDef.getAttribute(ConfigurationClassUtils.CONFIGURATION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE) != null) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Bean definition has already been processed as a configuration class: " + beanDef); } } else if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(beanDef, this.metadataReaderFactory)) { configCandidates.add(new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDef, beanName)); } } // Return immediately if no @Configuration classes were found if (configCandidates.isEmpty()) { return; } // Sort by previously determined @Order value, if applicable configCandidates.sort((bd1, bd2) -> { int i1 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd1.getBeanDefinition()); int i2 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd2.getBeanDefinition()); return Integer.compare(i1, i2); }); // Detect any custom bean name generation strategy supplied through the enclosing application context SingletonBeanRegistry sbr = null; if (registry instanceof SingletonBeanRegistry) { sbr = (SingletonBeanRegistry) registry; if (!this.localBeanNameGeneratorSet) { BeanNameGenerator generator = (BeanNameGenerator) sbr.getSingleton( AnnotationConfigUtils.CONFIGURATION_BEAN_NAME_GENERATOR); if (generator != null) { this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator = generator; this.importBeanNameGenerator = generator; } } } if (this.environment == null) { this.environment = new StandardEnvironment(); } // Parse each @Configuration class ConfigurationClassParser parser = new ConfigurationClassParser( this.metadataReaderFactory, this.problemReporter, this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator, registry); Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> candidates = new LinkedHashSet<>(configCandidates); Set<ConfigurationClass> alreadyParsed = new HashSet<>(configCandidates.size()); do { parser.parse(candidates); parser.validate(); Set<ConfigurationClass> configClasses = new LinkedHashSet<>(parser.getConfigurationClasses()); configClasses.removeAll(alreadyParsed); // Read the model and create bean definitions based on its content if (this.reader == null) { this.reader = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader( registry, this.sourceExtractor, this.resourceLoader, this.environment, this.importBeanNameGenerator, parser.getImportRegistry()); } //加载BeanDefinition this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses); alreadyParsed.addAll(configClasses); .... } ... }
-
loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass
private void loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass( ConfigurationClass configClass, TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator) { if (trackedConditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(configClass)) { String beanName = configClass.getBeanName(); if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this.registry.containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) { this.registry.removeBeanDefinition(beanName); } this.importRegistry.removeImportingClass(configClass.getMetadata().getClassName()); return; } if (configClass.isImported()) { registerBeanDefinitionForImportedConfigurationClass(configClass); } for (BeanMethod beanMethod : configClass.getBeanMethods()) { loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(beanMethod); } loadBeanDefinitionsFromImportedResources(configClass.getImportedResources()); //加载来自注册器的定义 loadBeanDefinitionsFromRegistrars(configClass.getImportBeanDefinitionRegistrars()); }
-
registerBeanDefinitions
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports { @Override public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { // 将注解标注的元信息传入,获取到相应的包名 register(registry, new PackageImport(metadata).getPackageName()); } @Override public Set<Object> determineImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) { return Collections.singleton(new PackageImport(metadata)); } }
8.源码剖析-内嵌Tomcat
Spring Boot默认支持Tomcat,Jetty,和Undertow作为底层容器。
而Spring Boot默认使用Tomcat,一旦引入spring-boot-starter-web模块,就默认使用Tomcat容器。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
8.1 Servlet容器的使用
-
默认servlet容器
我们看看spring-boot-starter-web这个starter中有什么
核心就是引入了tomcat和SpringMvc
-
切换servlet容器
那如果我么想切换其他Servlet容器呢,只需如下两步:
- 将tomcat依赖移除掉
- 引入其他Servlet容器依赖
引入jetty:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<!--移除spring-boot-starter-web中的tomcat-->
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<!--引入jetty-->
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
8.2 内嵌Tomcat自动配置原理
在启动springboot的时候可谓是相当简单,只需要执行以下代码
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootMytestApplication.class, args);
}
1、进入SpringBoot启动类,点进@SpringBootApplication源码,如下图
2、继续点进@EnableAutoConfiguration,进入该注解,如下图
3、上图中使用@Import注解对AutoConfigurationImportSelector 类进行了引入,该类做了什么事情呢?进入源码,首先调用selectImport()方法,在该方法中调用了getAutoConfigurationEntry()方法,在之中又调用了getCandidateConfigurations()方法,getCandidateConfigurations()方法就去META-INF/spring.factory配置文件中加载相关配置类
这个spring.factories配置文件是加载的spring-boot-autoconfigure的配置文件
继续打开spring.factories配置文件,找到tomcat所在的类,tomcat加载在ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration配置类中
进入该类,里面也通过@Import注解将EmbeddedTomcat、EmbeddedJetty、EmbeddedUndertow等嵌入式容器类加载进来了,springboot默认是启动嵌入式tomcat容器,如果要改变启动jetty或者undertow容器,需在pom文件中去设置。如下图:
继续进入EmbeddedTomcat类中,见下图:
进入TomcatServletWebServerFactory类,里面的getWebServer()是关键方法,如图:
继续进入getTomcatWebServer()等方法,一直往下跟到tomcat初始化方法,调用tomcat.start()方法,tomcat就正式开启运行,见图
走到这里tomcat在springboot中的配置以及最终启动的流程就走完了,相信大家肯定有一个疑问,上上图中的getWebServer()方法是在哪里调用的呢?上面的代码流程并没有发现getWebServer()被调用的地方。因为getWebServer()方法的调用根本就不在上面的代码流程中,它是在另外一个流程中被调用的
8.3 getWebServer()的调用分析
首先进入SpringBoot启动类的run方法:
SpringApplication.run(HppaApplication.class, args);
这个会最终调用到一个同名方法run(String… args)
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
//StopWatch主要是用来统计每项任务执行时长,例如Spring Boot启动占用总时长。
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
configureHeadlessProperty();
//第一步:获取并启动监听器 通过加载META-INF/spring.factories 完成了SpringApplicationRunListener实例化工作
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
//实际上是调用了EventPublishingRunListener类的starting()方法
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
//第二步:构造容器环境,简而言之就是加载系统变量,环境变量,配置文件
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
//设置需要忽略的bean
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
//打印banner
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
//第三步:创建容器
context = createApplicationContext();
//第四步:实例化SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,用来支持报告关于启动的错误
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
//第五步:准备容器 这一步主要是在容器刷新之前的准备动作。包含一个非常关键的操作:将启动类注入容器,为后续开启自动化配置奠定基础。
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
//第六步:刷新容器 springBoot相关的处理工作已经结束,接下的工作就交给了spring。 内部会调用spring的refresh方法,
// refresh方法在spring整个源码体系中举足轻重,是实现 ioc 和 aop的关键。
refreshContext(context);
//第七步:刷新容器后的扩展接口 设计模式中的模板方法,默认为空实现。如果有自定义需求,可以重写该方法。比如打印一些启动结束log,或者一些其它后置处理。
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
//发布应用已经启动的事件
listeners.started(context);
/*
* 遍历所有注册的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner,并执行其run()方法。
* 我们可以实现自己的ApplicationRunner或者CommandLineRunner,来对SpringBoot的启动过程进行扩展。
*/
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
//应用已经启动完成的监听事件
listeners.running(context);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
这个方法大概做了以下几件事
- 获取并启动监听器 通过加载META-INF/spring.factories 完成了SpringApplicationRunListener实例化工作
- 构造容器环境,简而言之就是加载系统变量,环境变量,配置文件
- 创建容器
- 实例化SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,用来支持报告关于启动的错误
- 准备容器
- 刷新容器
- 刷新容器后的扩展接口
那么内置tomcat启动源码,就是隐藏在上诉第六步:refreshContext方法里面,该方法最终会调用到AbstractApplicationContext类的refresh()方法
进入refreshContext()方法,如图:
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();
// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}
一直点击refresh()方法,如图:
onRefresh()会调用到ServletWebServerApplicationContext中的createWebServer()
private void createWebServer() {
WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
}
else if (servletContext != null) {
try {
getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
}
catch (ServletException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex);
}
}
initPropertySources();
}
createWebServer()就是启动web服务,但是还没有真正启动Tomcat,既然webServer是通过ServletWebServerFactory来获取的,那就来看看这个工厂的真面目。
可以看到,tomcat,Jetty都实现了这个getWebServer方法,我们看TomcatServletWebServerFactory中的getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer… initializers).
最终就调用了TomcatServletWebServerFactory类的getWebServer()方法。
9. 源码剖析-自动配置SpringMVC
在上一小节,我们介绍了SpringBoot是如何启动一个内置tomcat的。我们知道我们在SpringBoot项目里面是可以直接使用诸如@RequestMapping
这类的SpringMVC的注解,那么同学们会不会奇怪,这是为什么?我明明没有配置SpringMVC为什么就可以使用呢?
其实仅仅引入starter是不够的,回忆一下,在一个普通的WEB项目中如何去使用SpringMVC,我们首先就是要在web.xml中配置如下配置
<servlet>
<description>spring mvc servlet</description>
<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
但是在SpringBoot中,我们没有了web.xml文件,我们如何去配置一个Dispatcherservlet
呢?其实Servlet3.0规范中规定,要添加一个Servlet,除了采用xml配置的方式,还有一种通过代码的方式,伪代码如下
servletContext.addServlet(name, this.servlet);
那么也就是说,如果我们能动态往web容器中添加一个我们构造好的DispatcherServlet
对象,是不是就实现自动装配SpringMVC了
9.1 调用分析
getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
这段代码其实就是去加载SpringMVC,那么他是如何做到的呢?getSelfInitializer()
最终会去调用到ServletWebServerApplicationContext
的selfInitialize
方法,该方法代码如下
private void selfInitialize(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
prepareWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
ExistingWebApplicationScopes existingScopes = new ExistingWebApplicationScopes(
beanFactory);
WebApplicationContext Utils.registerWebApplicationScopes(beanFactory,
getServletContext());
existingScopes.restore();
WebApplicationContextUtils.registerEnvironmentBeans(beanFactory,
getServletContext());
for (ServletContextInitializer beans : getServletContextInitializerBeans()) {
beans.onStartup(servletContext);
}
}
我们通过调试,知道getServletContextInitializerBeans()
返回的是一个ServletContextInitializer
集合,集合中有以下几个对象
然后依次去调用对象的onStartup
方法,那么对于上图标红的对象来说,就是会调用到DispatcherServletRegistrationBean
的onStartup
方法,这个类并没有这个方法,所以最终会调用到父类RegistrationBean
的onStartup
方法,该方法代码如下
public final void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
//获取当前环境到底是一个filter 还是一个servlet 还是一个listener
String description = getDescription();
if (!isEnabled()) {
logger.info(StringUtils.capitalize(description) + " was not registered (disabled)");
return;
}
register(description, servletContext);
}
这边register(description, servletContext);
会调用到DynamicRegistrationBean
的register
方法,代码如下
protected final void register(String description, ServletContext servletContext) {
D registration = addRegistration(description, servletContext);
if (registration == null) {
logger.info(StringUtils.capitalize(description) + " was not registered (possibly already registered?)");
return;
}
configure(registration);
}
addRegistration(description, servletContext)
又会调用到ServletRegistrationBean
中的addRegistration
方法,代码如下
protected ServletRegistration.Dynamic addRegistration(String description, ServletContext servletContext) {
String name = getServletName();
return servletContext.addServlet(name, this.servlet);
}
看到了关键的servletContext.addServlet
代码了,我们通过调试,即可知到this.servlet
就是dispatcherServlet